//                              Package : omnithread
// omnithread/nt.cc             Created : 6/95 tjr
//
//    Copyright (C) 2016 D. R. Commander. All Rights Reserved.
//    Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge. All Rights Reserved.
//
//    This file is part of the omnithread library
//
//    The omnithread library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
//    modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
//    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
//    version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
//    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
//    Library General Public License for more details.
//
//    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
//    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
//    Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
//    02110-1301, USA
//

//
// Implementation of OMNI thread abstraction for NT threads
//

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "omnithread.h"
#include <process.h>

#define DB(x)  // x
//#include <iostream.h> or #include <iostream> if DB is on.

static void get_time_now(unsigned long *abs_sec, unsigned long *abs_nsec);

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Mutex
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


omni_mutex::omni_mutex(void)
{
  InitializeCriticalSection(&crit);
}

omni_mutex::~omni_mutex(void)
{
  DeleteCriticalSection(&crit);
}

void omni_mutex::lock(void)
{
  EnterCriticalSection(&crit);
}

void omni_mutex::unlock(void)
{
  LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);
}



///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Condition variable
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


//
// Condition variables are tricky to implement using NT synchronisation
// primitives, since none of them have the atomic "release mutex and wait to be
// signalled" which is central to the idea of a condition variable.  To get
// around this the solution is to record which threads are waiting and
// explicitly wake up those threads.
//
// Here we implement a condition variable using a list of waiting threads
// (protected by a critical section), and a per-thread semaphore (which
// actually only needs to be a binary semaphore).
//
// To wait on the cv, a thread puts itself on the list of waiting threads for
// that cv, then releases the mutex and waits on its own personal semaphore.  A
// signalling thread simply takes a thread from the head of the list and kicks
// that thread's semaphore.  Broadcast is simply implemented by kicking the
// semaphore of each waiting thread.
//
// The only other tricky part comes when a thread gets a timeout from a timed
// wait on its semaphore.  Between returning with a timeout from the wait and
// entering the critical section, a signalling thread could get in, kick the
// waiting thread's semaphore and remove it from the list.  If this happens,
// the waiting thread's semaphore is now out of step so it needs resetting, and
// the thread should indicate that it was signalled rather than that it timed
// out.
//
// It is possible that the thread calling wait or timedwait is not a
// omni_thread. In this case we have to provide a temporary data structure,
// i.e. for the duration of the call, for the thread to link itself on the
// list of waiting threads. _internal_omni_thread_dummy provides such
// a data structure and _internal_omni_thread_helper is a helper class to
// deal with this special case for wait() and timedwait(). Once created,
// the _internal_omni_thread_dummy is cached for use by the next wait() or
// timedwait() call from a non-omni_thread. This is probably worth doing
// because creating a Semaphore is quite heavy weight.

class _internal_omni_thread_helper;

class _internal_omni_thread_dummy : public omni_thread
{
  public:
    inline _internal_omni_thread_dummy() : next(0) {}
    inline ~_internal_omni_thread_dummy() {}
    friend class _internal_omni_thread_helper;

  private:
    _internal_omni_thread_dummy *next;
};

class _internal_omni_thread_helper
{
  public:

    inline _internal_omni_thread_helper()
    {
      d = 0;
      t = omni_thread::self();
      if (!t) {
        omni_mutex_lock sync(cachelock);
        if (cache) {
          d = cache;
          cache = cache->next;
        } else {
          d = new _internal_omni_thread_dummy;
        }
        t = d;
      }
    }

    inline ~_internal_omni_thread_helper()
    {
      if (d) {
        omni_mutex_lock sync(cachelock);
        d->next = cache;
        cache = d;
      }
    }

    inline operator omni_thread *() { return t; }
    inline omni_thread *operator->() { return t; }

    static _internal_omni_thread_dummy *cache;
    static omni_mutex cachelock;

  private:
    _internal_omni_thread_dummy *d;
    omni_thread *t;
};

_internal_omni_thread_dummy *_internal_omni_thread_helper::cache = 0;
omni_mutex _internal_omni_thread_helper::cachelock;


omni_condition::omni_condition(omni_mutex *m) : mutex(m)
{
  InitializeCriticalSection(&crit);
  waiting_head = waiting_tail = NULL;
}


omni_condition::~omni_condition(void)
{
  DeleteCriticalSection(&crit);
  DB(if (waiting_head != NULL) {
       cerr << "omni_condition::~omni_condition: list of waiting threads " <<
               "is not empty\n";
     })
}


void omni_condition::wait(void)
{
  _internal_omni_thread_helper me;

  EnterCriticalSection(&crit);

  me->cond_next = NULL;
  me->cond_prev = waiting_tail;
  if (waiting_head == NULL)
    waiting_head = me;
  else
    waiting_tail->cond_next = me;
  waiting_tail = me;
  me->cond_waiting = TRUE;

  LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);

  mutex->unlock();

  DWORD result = WaitForSingleObject(me->cond_semaphore, INFINITE);

  mutex->lock();

  if (result != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
}


int omni_condition::timedwait(unsigned long abs_sec, unsigned long abs_nsec)
{
  _internal_omni_thread_helper me;

  EnterCriticalSection(&crit);

  me->cond_next = NULL;
  me->cond_prev = waiting_tail;
  if (waiting_head == NULL)
    waiting_head = me;
  else
    waiting_tail->cond_next = me;
  waiting_tail = me;
  me->cond_waiting = TRUE;

  LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);

  mutex->unlock();

  unsigned long now_sec, now_nsec;

  get_time_now(&now_sec, &now_nsec);

  DWORD timeout = (abs_sec - now_sec) * 1000 + (abs_nsec - now_nsec) / 1000000;

  if ((abs_sec <= now_sec) && ((abs_sec < now_sec) || (abs_nsec < abs_nsec)))
    timeout = 0;

  DWORD result = WaitForSingleObject(me->cond_semaphore, timeout);

  if (result == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
    EnterCriticalSection(&crit);

    if (me->cond_waiting) {
      if (me->cond_prev != NULL)
        me->cond_prev->cond_next = me->cond_next;
      else
        waiting_head = me->cond_next;
      if (me->cond_next != NULL)
        me->cond_next->cond_prev = me->cond_prev;
      else
        waiting_tail = me->cond_prev;
      me->cond_waiting = FALSE;

      LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);

      mutex->lock();
      return 0;
    }

    //
    // We timed out but another thread still signalled us.  Wait for
    // the semaphore (it _must_ have been signalled) to decrement it
    // again.  Return that we were signalled, not that we timed out.
    //

    LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);

    result = WaitForSingleObject(me->cond_semaphore, INFINITE);
  }

  if (result != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  mutex->lock();
  return 1;
}


void omni_condition::signal(void)
{
  EnterCriticalSection(&crit);

  if (waiting_head != NULL) {
    omni_thread *t = waiting_head;
    waiting_head = t->cond_next;
    if (waiting_head == NULL)
      waiting_tail = NULL;
    else
      waiting_head->cond_prev = NULL;
    t->cond_waiting = FALSE;

    if (!ReleaseSemaphore(t->cond_semaphore, 1, NULL)) {
      int rc = GetLastError();
      LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);
      throw omni_thread_fatal(rc);
    }
  }

  LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);
}


void omni_condition::broadcast(void)
{
  EnterCriticalSection(&crit);

  while (waiting_head != NULL) {
    omni_thread *t = waiting_head;
    waiting_head = t->cond_next;
    if (waiting_head == NULL)
      waiting_tail = NULL;
    else
      waiting_head->cond_prev = NULL;
    t->cond_waiting = FALSE;

    if (!ReleaseSemaphore(t->cond_semaphore, 1, NULL)) {
      int rc = GetLastError();
      LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);
      throw omni_thread_fatal(rc);
    }
  }

  LeaveCriticalSection(&crit);
}



///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Counting semaphore
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


#define SEMAPHORE_MAX 0x7fffffff


omni_semaphore::omni_semaphore(unsigned int initial)
{
  nt_sem = CreateSemaphore(NULL, initial, SEMAPHORE_MAX, NULL);

  if (nt_sem == NULL) {
    DB(cerr << "omni_semaphore::omni_semaphore: CreateSemaphore error " <<
               GetLastError() << endl);
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
  }
}


omni_semaphore::~omni_semaphore(void) noexcept(false)
{
  if (!CloseHandle(nt_sem)) {
    DB(cerr << "omni_semaphore::~omni_semaphore: CloseHandle error " <<
               GetLastError() << endl);
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
  }
}


void omni_semaphore::wait(void)
{
  if (WaitForSingleObject(nt_sem, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
}


int omni_semaphore::trywait(void)
{
  switch (WaitForSingleObject(nt_sem, 0)) {

    case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
      return 1;
    case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
      return 0;
  }

  throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
  return 0;    // keep msvc++ happy
}


void omni_semaphore::post(void)
{
  if (!ReleaseSemaphore(nt_sem, 1, NULL))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
}



///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Thread
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


//
// Static variables
//

int omni_thread::init_t::count = 0;

omni_mutex *omni_thread::next_id_mutex;
int omni_thread::next_id = 0;
static DWORD self_tls_index;

//
// Initialisation function (gets called before any user code).
//

omni_thread::init_t::init_t(void)
{
  if (count++ != 0)     // only do it once however many objects get created.
    return;

  DB(cerr << "omni_thread::init: NT implementation initialising\n");

  self_tls_index = TlsAlloc();

  if (self_tls_index == 0xffffffff)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  next_id_mutex = new omni_mutex;

  //
  // Create object for this (i.e. initial) thread.
  //

  omni_thread *t = new omni_thread;

  t->_state = STATE_RUNNING;

  if (!DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), GetCurrentThread(),
                       GetCurrentProcess(), &t->handle, 0, FALSE,
                       DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  t->nt_id = GetCurrentThreadId();

  DB(cerr << "initial thread " << t->id() << " NT thread id " << t->nt_id <<
             endl);

  if (!TlsSetValue(self_tls_index, (LPVOID)t))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  if (!SetThreadPriority(t->handle, nt_priority(PRIORITY_NORMAL)))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
}

//
// Wrapper for thread creation.
//

extern "C"
unsigned __stdcall omni_thread_wrapper(void *ptr)
{
  omni_thread *me = (omni_thread *)ptr;

  DB(cerr << "omni_thread_wrapper: thread " << me->id() << " started\n");

  if (!TlsSetValue(self_tls_index, (LPVOID)me))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  //
  // Now invoke the thread function with the given argument.
  //

  if (me->fn_void != NULL) {
    (*me->fn_void) (me->thread_arg);
    omni_thread::exit();
  }

  if (me->fn_ret != NULL) {
    void *return_value = (*me->fn_ret) (me->thread_arg);
    omni_thread::exit(return_value);
  }

  if (me->detached) {
    me->run(me->thread_arg);
    omni_thread::exit();
  } else {
    void *return_value = me->run_undetached(me->thread_arg);
    omni_thread::exit(return_value);
  }

  // should never get here.
  return 0;
}


//
// Constructors for omni_thread - set up the thread object but don't
// start it running.
//

// construct a detached thread running a given function.

omni_thread::omni_thread(void (*fn) (void *), void *arg, priority_t pri)
{
  common_constructor(arg, pri, 1);
  fn_void = fn;
  fn_ret = NULL;
}

// construct an undetached thread running a given function.

omni_thread::omni_thread(void *(*fn) (void *), void *arg, priority_t pri)
{
  common_constructor(arg, pri, 0);
  fn_void = NULL;
  fn_ret = fn;
}

// construct a thread which will run either run() or run_undetached().

omni_thread::omni_thread(void *arg, priority_t pri)
{
  common_constructor(arg, pri, 1);
  fn_void = NULL;
  fn_ret = NULL;
}

// common part of all constructors.

void omni_thread::common_constructor(void *arg, priority_t pri, int det)
{
  _state = STATE_NEW;
  _priority = pri;

  next_id_mutex->lock();
  _id = next_id++;
  next_id_mutex->unlock();

  thread_arg = arg;
  detached = det;       // may be altered in start_undetached()

  cond_semaphore = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, SEMAPHORE_MAX, NULL);

  if (cond_semaphore == NULL)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  cond_next = cond_prev = NULL;
  cond_waiting = FALSE;

  handle = NULL;
}


//
// Destructor for omni_thread.
//

omni_thread::~omni_thread(void) noexcept(false)
{
  DB(cerr << "destructor called for thread " << id() << endl);
  if ((handle != NULL) && !CloseHandle(handle))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
  if (!CloseHandle(cond_semaphore))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
}


//
// Start the thread
//

void omni_thread::start(void)
{
  omni_mutex_lock l(mutex);

  if (_state != STATE_NEW)
    throw omni_thread_invalid();

  unsigned int t;
  handle = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, omni_thread_wrapper, (LPVOID)this,
                                  CREATE_SUSPENDED, &t);
  nt_id = t;
  if (handle == NULL)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  if (!SetThreadPriority(handle, _priority))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  if (ResumeThread(handle) == 0xffffffff)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  _state = STATE_RUNNING;
}


//
// Start a thread which will run the member function run_undetached().
//

void omni_thread::start_undetached(void)
{
  if ((fn_void != NULL) || (fn_ret != NULL))
    throw omni_thread_invalid();

  detached = 0;
  start();
}


//
// join - simply check error conditions & call WaitForSingleObject.
//

void omni_thread::join(void **status)
{
  mutex.lock();

  if ((_state != STATE_RUNNING) && (_state != STATE_TERMINATED)) {
    mutex.unlock();
    throw omni_thread_invalid();
  }

  mutex.unlock();

  if (this == self())
    throw omni_thread_invalid();

  if (detached)
    throw omni_thread_invalid();

  DB(cerr << "omni_thread::join: doing WaitForSingleObject\n");

  if (WaitForSingleObject(handle, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());

  DB(cerr << "omni_thread::join: WaitForSingleObject succeeded\n");

  if (status)
    *status = return_val;

  delete this;
}


//
// Change this thread's priority.
//

void omni_thread::set_priority(priority_t pri)
{
  omni_mutex_lock l(mutex);

  if (_state != STATE_RUNNING)
    throw omni_thread_invalid();

  _priority = pri;

  if (!SetThreadPriority(handle, nt_priority(pri)))
    throw omni_thread_fatal(GetLastError());
}


//
// create - construct a new thread object and start it running.  Returns thread
// object if successful, null pointer if not.
//

// detached version

omni_thread *omni_thread::create(void (*fn) (void *), void *arg,
                                 priority_t pri)
{
  omni_thread *t = new omni_thread(fn, arg, pri);
  t->start();
  return t;
}

// undetached version

omni_thread *omni_thread::create(void *(*fn) (void *), void *arg,
                                 priority_t pri)
{
  omni_thread *t = new omni_thread(fn, arg, pri);
  t->start();
  return t;
}


//
// exit() _must_ lock the mutex even in the case of a detached thread.  This is
// because a thread may run to completion before the thread that created it has
// had a chance to get out of start().  By locking the mutex we ensure that the
// creating thread must have reached the end of start() before we delete the
// thread object.  Of course, once the call to start() returns, the user can
// still incorrectly refer to the thread object, but that's their problem.
//

void omni_thread::exit(void *return_value)
{
  omni_thread *me = self();

  if (me) {
    me->mutex.lock();

    me->_state = STATE_TERMINATED;

    me->mutex.unlock();

    DB(cerr << "omni_thread::exit: thread " << me->id() << " detached " <<
               me->detached << " return value " << return_value << endl);

    if (me->detached)
      delete me;
    else
      me->return_val = return_value;
  } else {
    DB(cerr << "omni_thread::exit: called with a non-omnithread. Exit quietly." <<
               endl);
  }
  //   _endthreadex() does not automatically closes the thread handle.
  //   The omni_thread dtor closes the thread handle.
  _endthreadex(0);
}


omni_thread *omni_thread::self(void)
{
  LPVOID me;

  me = TlsGetValue(self_tls_index);

  if (me == NULL) {
    DB(cerr << "omni_thread::self: called with a non-ominthread. NULL is returned." <<
               endl);
  }
  return (omni_thread *)me;
}


void omni_thread::yield(void)
{
  Sleep(0);
}


#define MAX_SLEEP_SECONDS (DWORD)4294966        // (2**32-2)/1000

void omni_thread::sleep(unsigned long secs, unsigned long nanosecs)
{
  if (secs <= MAX_SLEEP_SECONDS) {
    Sleep(secs * 1000 + nanosecs / 1000000);
    return;
  }

  DWORD no_of_max_sleeps = secs / MAX_SLEEP_SECONDS;

  for (DWORD i = 0; i < no_of_max_sleeps; i++)
    Sleep(MAX_SLEEP_SECONDS * 1000);

  Sleep((secs % MAX_SLEEP_SECONDS) * 1000 + nanosecs / 1000000);
}


void omni_thread::get_time(unsigned long *abs_sec, unsigned long *abs_nsec,
                           unsigned long rel_sec, unsigned long rel_nsec)
{
  get_time_now(abs_sec, abs_nsec);
  *abs_nsec += rel_nsec;
  *abs_sec += rel_sec + *abs_nsec / 1000000000;
  *abs_nsec = *abs_nsec % 1000000000;
}


int omni_thread::nt_priority(priority_t pri)
{
  switch (pri) {
    case PRIORITY_LOW:
      return THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST;

    case PRIORITY_NORMAL:
      return THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL;

    case PRIORITY_HIGH:
      return THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST;
  }

  throw omni_thread_invalid();
  return 0;    // keep msvc++ happy
}


static void get_time_now(unsigned long *abs_sec, unsigned long *abs_nsec)
{
  static int days_in_preceding_months[12] =
    { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334 };
  static int days_in_preceding_months_leap[12] =
    { 0, 31, 60, 91, 121, 152, 182, 213, 244, 274, 305, 335 };

  SYSTEMTIME st;

  GetSystemTime(&st);
  *abs_nsec = st.wMilliseconds * 1000000;

  // this formula should work until 1st March 2100

  DWORD days = ((st.wYear - 1970) * 365 + (st.wYear - 1969) / 4 +
                ((st.wYear % 4) ?
                 days_in_preceding_months[st.wMonth - 1] :
                 days_in_preceding_months_leap[st.wMonth - 1]) + st.wDay - 1);

  *abs_sec = st.wSecond + 60 * (st.wMinute + 60 * (st.wHour + 24 * days));
}
